Other definitions

The option in cargo insurance is applied in case of loss and implies the participation of the Policyholder and the Beneficiary in the risk.

When insuring goods, an unconditional deductible is usually used, which means that if a loss occurs less than the deductible, it is not considered and is not paid. If the loss is greater than the deductible, then the compensation will be the amount of the damage caused minus the deductible.Franchise- it's like some participation in the risk of the policyholder. In addition to the deductible, the policyholder must pay the insurance premium.

Tolling(from the English toll "duty") — processing of foreign raw materials with subsequent export of finished products. In general, the tolling mechanism is the processing of foreign raw materials in compliance with the stipulated customs regime "Processing of goods in the customs territory". The application of this customs regime allows you to import raw materials and export finished products duty-free. In English, such an activity is called give and take raw material,customerowned raw materials, customer-furnished raw materials.

A country or territory with special business conditions for foreign companies, such as low or zerotaxes, simple rules of corporate reporting and management, the ability to hide the real business owners.

In this regard, offshore companies are often used for crimes: laundering of criminal money, state corruption, fraudulent transactions. Companies are registered in the country of offshore location, transferring their capital there.

In Russian legislation, offshore companies are called "controlled foreign companies" and their activities are taxed in some cases.There are more than 50 offshore zones in the world.

All—Russian product classifiers are Russian national standards included in the "Unified System of Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information" and designed to process information about products in all spheres of the national economy (primarily: economics, accounting, statistics, standardization).standing from two to four digits inclusive, are coordinated, as a rule, with the same codes in OKVED 2 (OK 029-2014), which denote the type of economic activity.

The All-Russian classifier of products by types of economic activity is included in the "Unified System of Classification and Coding of technical, economic and social information" and is intended for processing information about products in all spheres of the national economy (primarily: economics, accounting, statistics, standardization) It has the designation OK 034-2014 (KPES 2008) developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia on the basis of Rosstandart Order No. 14 dated 31.01.2014-from the date of introduction of the classifier 01.02.2014, the end date has not been set.

The official source of information:www.gks.ru/metod/classifiers.html

Introduced to replace the four classifiers that have become invalid:

• OKDP (OK 004-93),
• OKPD (OK 034-2007 (KPES 2002)),
• OKUN (OK 002-93),
• OKP (005-93).

The All-Russian classifier of products by types of economic activity is included in the "Unified System of classification and coding of technical, economic and social information" and is designed to process information about products in all spheres of the national economy (primarily: economics, accounting, statistics, standardization) It has the designation OK 034-2014 (KPES 2008) developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation on the basis of Rosstandart Order No. 14 dated 01/31/2014-from the date of introduction of the classifier on 02/01/2014, the end date has not been set.

Official source of information: OKPD 2It is built on the basis of harmonization with the statistical classification of products by type of activity in the European Economic Community in 2008 by transferring codes from the latter (up to the sixth digit inclusive) and descriptions of the corresponding items. There are cases for which national characteristics are reflected by changing the groupings of the European classification.

The OKPD 2 codes, consisting of two to four digits inclusive, are coordinated, as a rule, with the same codes in OKVED 2 (OK 029-2014), which denote the type of economic activity.

A chemical source of electric current based on the interaction of two metals and/or their oxides in an electrolyte, leading to the occurrence of an electric current in a closed circuit. It got its name in honor of Luigi Galvani. The transition of chemical energy into electrical energy occurs in galvanic cells.

A Latin word meaning "means of binding"

In mathematical notation

In mathematical notation, a vinculum is a horizontal line used for a specific purpose. It can be either an underscore over or under in a mathematical expression to indicate that the expression should be considered grouped together.

In the STAR TREK universe, a processing device in the core of every Borg ship that brings order to chaos, processes all thoughts and knowledge received from hundreds or thousands of onboard distribution nodes, filtering out all irrelevant information, preserving all applicable scientific and biological knowledge, and distributes information concerning the collective.

 

" >Vinculumis a horizontal line used for a specific purpose. It can be either an underscore over or under in a mathematical expression to indicate that the expression should be considered grouped together.

In the STAR TREK universe, a processing device in the core of every Borg ship that brings order to chaos, processes all thoughts and knowledge received from hundreds or thousands of onboard distribution nodes, filtering out all irrelevant information, preserving all applicable scientific and biological knowledge, and distributes information concerning the collective.

 

A Latin expression meaning at first sight or based on a first impression. The literal translation will be "at first sight" or "at first sight". In the modern, colloquial "at first glance".

Term

The term prima facie is used in modern legal language to mean that at the initial examination it appears that there is sufficient supporting evidence to support the case.

In common law jurisdictions, a prima facie reference to evidence means evidence that, if not refuted, will be sufficient to prove a particular allegation or fact.

" >the first faceIt is used in modern legal language to indicate that at the initial examination it appears that there is sufficient supporting evidence to support the case.

In common law jurisdictions, a prima facie reference to evidence means evidence that, if not refuted, will be sufficient to prove a particular allegation or fact.

A Latin expression meaning "with things changed that should be changed" or "after making the necessary changes". The phrase is used in many countries to recognize that the comparison requires certain obvious changes that are not specified." >Mutatis mutandisIt is still used in law, economics, mathematics, linguistics and philosophy.

An international standard that defines the code designations of States and dependent territories, as well as the main administrative entities within States.

It consists of the following parts:

• ISO3166-1 - codes of states and dependent territories.
• ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 is a two-letter system with many applications used by ICANN to assign national top-level domain names.
• ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 is a three-letter system.
• ISO 3166-1 numeric is a three-digit system identical to the statistical division used in the UN.
• ISO 3166-2 - codes of administrative entities within states (regions, states, provinces, etc.).
• ISO 3166-3 - codes of already non-existent states (unification, separation, name change, etc.).

The global number of commodity products in the unified international database of goodsGS1. It is used to account for goods in the global supply flow, in distribution centers, retail and wholesale trade, warehouses, accounting, and so on, in order to produce unambiguous identification of goods and find them in databases. The universal number can include both global and other data about the product.

The GTIN code has a length of 8, 12, 13 or 14 digits, only numbers are used, letters or other characters are not allowed.

Each of the digital circuits is built by analogy with previous standards and includes a company prefix, product code and a check digit. Accounting of numbers (barcodes) of commercial products in Russia is conducted by the Association of automatic identification "UNISCAN/GS1 RUS" (GS1 RUS, GS1)

This is a special international unique code used in electronic data exchange and e-commerce systems. With its help, it is possible to accurately and briefly determine the location of legal entities, their functional divisions and physical objects – warehouses, shops, production facilities, transport units, translated as the Global Location Number or Global Identification Number.

The number consists of 13 digits. It starts with a two- or three-digit national prefix, and ends with a check number. The code assigned to any enterprise should not be repeated anywhere.

In Russia for an analogGLNyou can count OKPO, OKVED, BIC, INN, etc. codes. These codes identify businesses. Since each country has its own coding systems, it is necessary to use a single GLN format when preparing international commercial documents, since it is a universal method of identification.

A unique identifier of chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences of nucleotides or amino acids, mixtures and alloys, which is assigned by the Chemical Reference Service (a division of the American Chemical Society) to all substances ever mentioned in the literature.

The unique identifier is designed to make it easier to find references in the literature by eliminating the problem of possible different names of the same. Currently, almost all chemical databases are searched by the CAS registration number.

The CAS number is written as three groups of Arabic numbers divided by hyphens into three sections; the first part can contain up to 7 digits, the second contains two digits, the third consists of one digit and performs the function of a control symbol. The numbers are assigned in ascending order and do not have a predefined value. The checksum is calculated by adding the last digit of the number multiplied by 1, the second digit on the right multiplied by 2, the third multiplied by three, and so on to the first digit on the left, ending with the calculation of the remainder of the division by 10. For example, the CAS registration number for water is 7732-18-5. The checksum is calculated as follows: 8×1 + 1×2 + 2×3 + 3×4 + 7×5 + 7×6 = 105; 105 mod 10 = 5.

You can find information on the CAS number of chemical compounds or the CAS number of the name of the compound, formula or structure here pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov .or here fishersci.com